Content Analysis Research Method to Study Social Life

Content analysis is a research method used by sociologists to analyze social life by interpreting words and images from documents, film, art, music, and other cultural products and media. The researchers look at how the words and images are used, and the context in which they are used—particularly their relationship to one another—to draw inferences about the underlying culture. Content analysis can help researchers study fields of sociology that are otherwise difficult to analyze, such as gender issues, business strategy and policy, human resources, and organizational theory. It has been used extensively to examine the place of women in society. In advertising, for example, women tend to be portrayed as subordinate, often through their lower physical positioning in relation to the males or the unassertive nature of their poses or gestures. History of Content Analysis Prior to the advent of computers, content analysis was a slow, painstaking process, and was impractical for large texts or bodies of data. At first, researchers mainly performed word counts in texts of particular words. However, that changed once mainframe computers were developed, providing researchers with the ability to crunch larger amounts of data automatically. This allowed them to expand their work beyond individual words to include concepts and semantic relationships. Today, content analysis is used in a huge number of fields, including marketing, political science, psychology, and sociology, in addition to gender issues within society. Types of Content Analysis Researchers now recognize several different types of content analysis, each of which embraces a slightly different approach. According to a report in the medical journal Qualitative Health Research, there are three different types: conventional, directed, and summative. In conventional content analysis, coding categories are derived directly from the text data. With a directed approach, analysis starts with a theory or relevant research findings as guidance for initial codes. A summative content analysis involves counting and comparisons, usually of keywords or content, followed by the interpretation of the underlying context, the authors wrote. Other experts write about the difference between conceptual analysis and relational analysis. Conceptual analysis determines how often a text uses certain words or phrases, while relational analysis determines how those words and phrases relate to certain broader concepts. Conceptual analysis is the more traditionally used form of content analysis. How Researchers Perform Content Analysis Typically, researchers start by identifying questions they would like to answer through content analysis. For example, they might want to consider how women are portrayed in advertising. If so, the researchers would choose a data set of advertising—perhaps the scripts for a series of television commercials—to analyze. They then would look at the use of certain words and images. To continue the example, the researchers might study the television ads for stereotypical gender roles, for language implying that women in the commercials were less knowledgeable than the men, and for sexual objectification of either gender. Content analysis can be used to provide insights into particularly complex subjects like gender relations. It does, however, have some disadvantages: its labor-intensive and time-consuming, and researchers can bring inherent bias into the equation when formulating a research project.

The Ford, Firestone, And The Financial Corporations On...

1. Based on the information presented in the PBS documentary and the TIME article, describe how the behaviors of corporations, such as Ford, Firestone, and the financial institutions on Wall Street, could or should be understood as crime whether or not they have been prosecuted? How do these activities differ from those involved in â€Å"typical† street crimes? I believe that the behaviors of the Ford, Firestone, and the financial corporations on Wall Street were considered criminal behaviors. There was sufficient evidence against these corporations. Apparently, the prosecutors could not prove criminal intent in their behaviors; however, in the case of the financial institutions on Wall Street, you cannot have millions of loans bought and sold that clearly do not meet the standards of a â€Å"good loan†. Additionally, it seems utterly irresponsible for the executive banking institutions to not be aware of these loans not meeting the standards for all of the years they were being bought and sold. I believe knowing this information proves criminal intent because no further action there was taken to prevent these loans from being bought and sold without regulation. The same can be applied to the Ford and Firestone corporations. These institutions put the SUV out on the market being aware about the engineering issues and the possible fatalities it could cause. These activities differ in street crime because they very theoretical. There is no direct association between the crime andShow MoreRelatedFirestone and Ford: the Tire Tread Separation Tragedy5367 Words   |  22 PagesCase 30 Firestone and Ford: The Tire Tread Separation Tragedy I t is often tricky to know when an ethical or social issue really begins. Does it begin before it is â€Å"recognized† or â€Å"identified† as an issue? Does it begin when an isolated manager recognizes an incident or a trend and reports it via a memo to his superiors? Does it begin once the media get hold of information and the frenzy begins? Such questions arise in the case of the Firestone–Ford tire tread separation debacle that began dominatingRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesper-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, website http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data HartleyRead MoreCrisis Management - Case Study6562 Words   |  27 Pagesthreat to operation that can have negative consequences if not handled properly. It can create three related threats 1) Public safety 2) Financial loss 3) Reputation loss. It damages the organization in terms of finance. The primary concern in a crisis has to be public safety. If failure to address public safety intensifies the damage from crisis reputation and financial concern are considered after public safety has been remedied. Barton (2001), Coombs (2007a), and Fearn –Banks (2001) have noted howRead MoreManaging Global Expansion7295 Words   |  30 PagesCOPYRIGHT 1989 JAI Press, Inc. (Hide copyright information)Copyright [pic] There are at least five reasons why the need to become global has ceased to be a discretionary option and become a strategic imperative for virtually any medium-sized to large corporation. 1. The Growth Imperative. Companies have no choice but to persist in a neverending quest for growth if they wish to garner rewards from the capital markets and attract and retain top talent. For many industries, developed country markets are quiteRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesShareholder Value I. Valuation 229 229 253 279 1. The Value−Based Management Framework: An Overview 2. Why Value Value? 4. The Value Manager Harvard Business Review Finance Articles Eclipse of the Public Corporation 308 308 323 323 330 330 Article How I Learned to Live with Wall Street Article Second Thoughts on Going Public Article Reed−Lajoux †¢ The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition 10. Postmerger Integration 336 336 Text Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh †¢Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesappropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. 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Special Needs Children Essay - 1317 Words

Melton1Pilar MeltonMrs. Stephanie WallaceEnglish III27 July 2017Benefits of parental training for guardians or care providers expecting a special needs child.When having a child most people become overwhelmed with happiness and joy, but with that come the stress of raising that child. Preparation is an important process whether you are biologically giving birth or adopting. With all the stress that comes along with having a child without a disability, what happen a special needs child is born. Depending on the type of disability said person has and where they land on the spectrum it can be more difficult. Because these children will most definitely need some type of treatment is it not vital that that guardian receives the proper parental†¦show more content†¦Anyone of these disabilities can occur before or after the birth of the child due to specific traumas. What is the correct way tocare for these children?Many parents are not properly equipped to suitably raise and care for a disabled toddler.When said parents have no idea how to care for the child it can lead to serious cases of neglectand abuse. The Arc organization states â€Å"Studies show that rates of abuse among children with disabilities are variable, ranging from a low of 22 percent to a high of 70 percent.† (Davis) and that information comes from the thin instances reported. Crimes and acts of maltreatment towards children with disabilities are not diagnosed case statistics systems. It has been theorized that the reason special needs children are targeted more than children without disability is because these disabled kids are a lot more vulnerable. Due to whatever disability they have it will impair them, for example the physically challenged might not be able to get away from the attacker, and the mentally challenged most likely will not understand the situation of what is happening. Many ask how we can have fewer occurrences of these tragic situations, the simple answer would b e parental training.What parental training is the act of going to classes that specialize in the proper care and development of a special needs child to prepare you for a healthy up bringing. There have been many studies that cover this amazing way of child preparation. With technologyShow MoreRelated Technology For Special Needs Children Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesComputers and educational technology can be powerful tools for assisting children with special needs and disabilities. Computers can help children with attention deficit disorders focus more effectively on their learning tasks and can also assist autistic children by improving their communications and interactions with peers as they use computers together. This topic became very important to me when my cousin was born deaf. He is only three now but the assistive technology that awaits him duringRead MoreSpecial Needs Children Overcome Obstacles Essay910 Words   |  4 Pages Some people may look at a person with special needs and see disabilities. Some may feel nothing but sympathy, while others, through the lack of knowledge, overlook these amazing individuals completely. I am one of the lucky ones that not only has experienced having a person of special needs in their life, but to also have the insight to realize the impact of the life lessons that my friend Jeff Geis has taught me. 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The Physics Of Pole Vaulting - 1471 Words

Pole vaulting is a an Olympic sport categorised as an athletic event where a vaulter must use a pole to push themselves up and over a high bar in an attempt to vault themselves over the highest placed bar in order to win. Many variables come into play of pole vaulting which can allow for the athlete to vault themselves the highest including the length of the run and pole, the bend of the pole, the correct generation of speed and a strong strike into the box. There are many forces and energies involved in the physics of pole vaulting which can provide reasoning for why and how people can vault themselves over such great heights and still successfully land safely after falling from such great heights. FORCES As the vaulter prepares for the vault to occur and starts to run down the track they need to be wearing appropriate footwear with a large surface area. This will result in a large amount of friction being produced between the sole of the shoe and the ground, allowing the vaulter more traction whilst running down the track as more of the sole of the shoe is in contact with the path. This allows the vaulter to accelerate to faster speeds due to the traction caused by the athlete’s shoes. This relates to Newton’s second law of motion which is: If an object changes its motion (=accelerates) then an unbalanced (net) force is acting on it in the direction of the acceleration. The traction of the shoes allows the vaulter to accelerate as if they were to run at a constantShow MoreRelated Physics in Sports Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesPhysics in Sports nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When many people think of sports, the topic of physics doesnt always come to mind. They usually dont think about connecting athletics with academics. In reality math, science, and especially physics, tie into every aspect of sports. Sports are a commonality that brings nations together, Soccer, known as football to most of the world, is said to an unspoken language, which unties people from different lands through a passion to play a game. AthleticsRead MoreA Brief History Of Pole Vault2398 Words   |  10 PagesBackground A Brief History of Pole Vault Pole vaulting has been around since the time of the ancient Greeks. Poles were made of solid wood and used to vault over obstacles such as marshes, trenches and even walls. [1] It wasn’t until around 1850 that a running form of pole vault competition emerged from Germany. The United States saw pole vaulting just before the beginning of the 20th century. Women’s pole vault began in the olympics around the year 2000. [2] Now, poles are made of fiberglass or carbonRead MoreTechnology Has Changed Sports Over The Years, Without A Doubt2855 Words   |  12 PagesKay Duit Professor Wilson Physics 1003-01 16 November 2014 Research Paper Technology has changed sports over the years, without a doubt. Many rules have changed because of technology. Not only rules have changed, also decision-making has been affected by technological improvements. However, a lot of technological improvements are very expensive and therefore cannot be applied in every sporting event. Especially amateur athletes and clubs do not have resources to apply the newest technologies in theirRead MoreEssay about Athens, Greece852 Words   |  4 Pagescontestants were not nationally chosen but rather came individually and at their own expense. Some contestants were tourists who happened to be in the area during the Games. Athletes wore their athletic club uniform rather than a national team one. Pole-vaulting, sprints, shot put, weight lifting, swimming, cycling, target shooting, tennis, marathon and gymnastics were all events at the first Olympics. The swimming events were held in the Bay of Zea in the Aegean Sea. A gold medalist described it: I w onRead MoreSport Science13852 Words   |  56 Pageshowever, in a competitive market, practising a skill repeatedly to improve is not always enough. Learning skills has become a science in itself. Now, to reach the top of their game, athletes need to understand and consider the nature of skills, the physics of movement and the athletes’ own physical attributes and psychology. The following chapters delve into the science of learning skills that will assist you to develop and reï ¬ ne physical skills and maximise your sporting potential. Focus questions

American Business History for Motor Vehicle Assembler Free Essays

Contained in this essay is a business history for one of the first motor vehicle assemblers in the United States. Several aspects of the company and the entire industry would be discussed herein. The company’s organizational structure was at that time hierarchically arranged, with lower management and job levels reporting to top ones—all the way to corporate governance. We will write a custom essay sample on American Business History for Motor Vehicle Assembler or any similar topic only for you Order Now The company had a 5000-labor force; most were located in the assembling facilities as assemblers. Marketing employees were scattered all over the country and therefore gave the company a national outlook. Other than employees, the company had a network of associates that provided vital services and support. Like many other motor vehicle assemblers in the United States, this one, too, was initially located in Detroit, Michigan (Robert, 2005, p. 96). Among the reasons for locating in the Midwest was high concentration of various parts suppliers in the region, which helped reduce the cost of transporting to other areas. In addition, the high concentration of vehicle part makers and assemblers resulted to development of highly skilled population, whose employment increased company productivity. The three resources needed to run the vehicle assembler included parts and accessories, skilled labor and energy. All three components were widely available in the region and in abidance. In addition, company founders understood that increased demand for respective products would call for more of the three inputs and therefore chose to locate in Detroit, a city famed for its ability to provide industrial environmental support to motor assemblers (Nelson Stephen, 2001, p. 147). As mentioned earlier, parts and accessories were sourced from independent suppliers although the company was manufacturing some. Labor was readily available and the company embarked on retraining employees as a way of improving assembling skills. Power was bought from independent producers who had proved reliable on that front. The initial capital to start the business was $650 Million that was raised from banks and share offering. The company founders first embarked on seeking bank loan on which they raised about $250 Million. The industry’s potential to create money for investors led to several wealthy individuals seeking to provide capital for the company, on which another $150 Million was realized. These amount was however not enough capital, which led to founders floating shares in New York Stock Exchange. Investors from all walks of life applied for the stock. In fact, company shares were over subscribed by over 100 percent. The final products (motor vehicles) were supplied to customers through company owned dealerships in major cities (Stephen, 2003, p. 54). The company was also encouraging individual entrepreneurs to establish own outlets to market company products. Discounts and other incentives resulted to establishment of privately owned dealership all over the country, and thus gave the company a national outlook. The company was finally able to reach its target market—all Americans hungry of enjoying the newly found mobility (Haruhito Kazuo, 1995, p. 108). The motor vehicles were competitively priced in order to appeal to the target market. To publicize the products and create differentiation from competitors, the company was undertaking campaign tours throughout the country; privately owned dealerships were provided with assistance in marketing around respective jurisdictions. Despite the many benefits of mobility provided by motor vehicle, the company and the entire industry were concerned with fatal accidents, which resulted to legal considerations on assemblers’ liability (David, 2004, p. 18). Industry participants thus embarked on warning customers on the dangers and the need to be careful when operating motor vehicles. References David, A. (2004). The Genesis of American Mass Vehicle Production. Baltimore: JHU. Haruhito, S. Kazuo W. (1995). Fordism Transformed. New York: OUP. Nelson, L. Stephen, M. (2001). On the Line. Urbana: UoI. Robert, A. (2005). History of   US Auto Industry. Albany: SUNNY. Stephen, M.   (2003). Competition Management in US Auto Industry. Albany:   SUNNY. How to cite American Business History for Motor Vehicle Assembler, Papers

Andrei Serban educating Prosperos Essay Example For Students

Andrei Serban: educating Prosperos Essay Andrei Serban, looking remarkably youthful at 50 in his black jeans and crewneck sweater, darts out of his office at Columbia University, where a year-and-a-half ago he was hired as head of the Oscar Hammerstein Center for Theatre Arts. Thin, edgy, sporting a neat beard and shaggy brown hair, the Romanian-born director motions to a bright-eyed graduate student and they disappear behind his door for a quick conference. Minutes later, Serban swoops out and motions to his next visitor. To those familiar with the marginalized, tradition-bound Columbia theatre program that seemed gripped by rigor mortis though much of the 1970s and 80s, Serbans energetic presence signals important changes. For this Ivy League institutions commitment to the arts over the past couple of decades was never so neatly symbolized as when the university razed the campus theatre to make way for a state-of-the-art law school without ever building a new performance venue. Why would a critically acclaimed director who has worked with an inspiring range of international artists from innovative experimental performers to opera companies to Japanese mastersaccept a position at an institution with such a track record? Serban sips his coffee, settles awkwardly into his chair in his bright, recently repainted office and takes an uncharacteristically long pause: The time has come to transmit my experiences in the theatre and my understanding to the younger generation, for two reasons: one, to pass those things on; and two, for myself to clarify these directions. Serbans arrival was one in a series of fortuitous hirings that injected new life into the sixth floor of stodgy Dodge Hall, the building that also houses Columbias graduate writing, film and music programs. First, Peter Smith was named dean of the school of arts six years ago; he hired Arnold Aronson to chair the graduate theatre division. Together they pursued Serban, hoping he could do for their theatre program what he has done so eloquently for classical drama since the 1970s and for opera since the 1980s rejuvenate the moribund. Serbans mandate was to create a graduate MFA acting program from scratch and reclaim or develop a venue in which the students can study and perform and to do it, not incidentally, at a financially strapped institution in a city where space is at a premium. Asked to explain his program and teaching philosophy, Serbans body recoils and flinches, conveying reluctance to confront the seemingly impossible task of explaining what hes trying to teach his first group of graduate actors. There is no syllabus for his classes or reading lists. The curriculum is extremely different from that of a more traditional theatre program, he begins haltingly in his accented English. What we are trying to do is to not necessarily make actors come out of the school to have a sure way to Broadway or television or Hollywood, but to really give actors the materials that will open them up to their skill as actors. Serban assets that he wants the 16 acting recruits to be trained experimentally, learning by voic ing, moving, doingnot talking or theorizing about acting. Ironically, Serbans solution seems so obvious that his radically different methods could be labeled almostwell, conservative. Drawing on the historical tradition of apprenticeship and collaboration on classics of dramatic literature, the acting students first-year texts are the extant Greek tragedies. The actors find themselves immersed in larger-than-life materialand they receive lots of help. Each is assigned to a director, a dramaturg and a new translation or adaptation of Greek text created by a student playwright. Twenty such ensembles share the vast black-box laboratory space in a refurbished basement across Broadway from Dodge Hall. Each group also gets rehearsal time, use of stock rehearsal props and modular furniture, and a date to present their research to their colleagues. The space is purposefully a place of exploration no seats and no sets. .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf , .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf .postImageUrl , .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf , .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf:hover , .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf:visited , .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf:active { border:0!important; } .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf:active , .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9ea2d795299c60a92ab225d0012bbcaf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Persians': twisted history and radical chic EssaySerban believes that taking voice or movement without an outlet to explore the techniques turns theatre training into a mindless acquisition of tools and styles. Therefore, at Columbia all body and voice work including courses in Kathikali dance and Indian chanting are acquired with a purpose: to be put to use in the Greek projects. They must use techniques if it suits them and then discard them. However, he adamantly refuses to let his students become prisoners of style, letting one technique become a crutch or habit. That this training, which seems so sensible, is so revolutionary, suggests why Serbans view of American training programs as stale and tired has some validity. Next semester the actors tackle Greek and Roman comedy, using Aristophanes and Plautine texts as excuses to do mask and clowning work. Serbans subversion begins to make sense: We start with the most difficult material. This process turns out to be the opposite of Serbans own experience training to be a director in Bucharest. That traditional program began with the director staging fundamental scene worktwo-character scenes, three-character scenes, one act of a play building blocks to the assumption of a craft. Serban admits without hesitation that he wants to train artists, not craftspeople. His voice intensifies and his accented emphasis on the verb is gains an insistent snake-like hiss: To me, what is much more important is the question, what is a director? What is theatre? What is an actor? Serban sums it up: This is a laboratory for the investigation of what is the nature of theatre. Why are we doing theatre at all? That is the root question we are examining here, rather than giving the pill of how to go to Broadway. Obviously it is too early to predict results, but memories of Serbans famous Greek Trilogy suggest potential in his plan. That production at La Mama ETC in New York in the mid-1970s (revived in the 1980s) combined Medea, Trojan Women and Electra, fluidly staged in separate environments with the populous cast speaking a classical creole composed of Greek, Latin and nonsense words. Coincidentally, Serban has hired his Electra and frequent acting collaborator, Priscilla Smith, to teach acting and voice at Columbia. Together they hope eventually to create a vital theatre energy that serves as a magnet in upper Manhattan, attracting performers and students from all over the worlda setup perhaps modeled on that of his one-time teacher, Peter Brook. It is from Brook that Serbans infamous bamboo-pole exercises for actors originated. (Most students and faculty just call it stick work.) Serban never mentions this pervasive technique during our initial interview, but pressed later for details suggests that the eight-foot poles are tools that help actors find the transcendent moment. He calls them magic wands used as weapons to spur performers to a confrontation with themselves. Serban, it seems, is intent on educating Prosperos, not Calibans. Although Aronson and Serban have gathered an impressive staff (including Smith, director Anne Bogart, playwright Romulus Linney, designers Marjorie Bradley Kellogg and Robin Wagner, and critics such as Michael Feingold, Elinor Fuchs, James Leverett and Linda Winer), the real question is whether Columbia can survive Serban. With the schedule and stamina of a jet plane, he returns frequently to Europe, even mid-semester, as he did this fall to direct Placido Domingo in The Tales of Hoffman in Vienna. He also is the artistic director of the Romanian National Theatre, a subsidized institution that employs a staff of 500. Nevertheless, he appears committed to making the Morningside Heights campus a weigh station, an island of theatrical energy amid the tempests of tradition that he views as American theatre trainings greatest enemy.

Data Warehousing and Data Mining over Cloud †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Data Warehousing and Data Mining over Cloud. Answer: Introduction Kentico is an organization that is based out of Australia and deals in the domains of e-commerce along with online marketing. It provides web solutions and services to its customers which involves huge clusters of information. In order to deal with the information sets and streamline the activities, it has been decided by the senior management to move the database of the organization to cloud/NoSQL. It will provide enhanced storage options and will also carry out the operations on the data easily. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis of the project has been explained and discussed in the report. Description ofcurrent/newICT service: In order to deal with the information sets and streamline the activities, it has been decided by the senior management to move the database of the organization to cloud/NoSQL. It will provide enhanced storage options and will also carry out the operations on the data easily. The volumes of information that Kentico deals with is dynamic in nature which may show sudden rise and drops in a specified period of time. It is essential that the design of the database is done in such a manner that the database is flexible and scalable in nature. The recommended cloud and NoSQL databases will fulfill the need and the feature of scalability will be present in the same. There are several users of the information that is associated with Kentico. These users may be internal to the organization and may also be external to the organization. The user privileges would therefore be required to be defined to control the access associated with each of the user type. Cloud and NoSQL databases will provide the opportunity as administration on the data will be convenient. The data in the database will be easily monitored and there would be automated backing up of the data that would be allowed with the use of cloud and NoSQL database. There will also be enhanced disaster recovery mechanisms installed with the use of the database. The management and financial team of the organization is efficient to carry out a detailed cost benefit analysis on the changes and will conclude that there will be a lot of cost savings with the implementation of the system. Due to the presence of traditional databases, there are a number of operational issues and errors that come which bring down the morale of the employees. With the involvement of cloud databases, these errors will be avoided which will not only enhance the levels of employee satisfaction but will also increase the level of productivity and efficiency. It is not always easy to accept the changes and adapt easily to them. There will be many changes that will be introduced with the implementation of cloud or NoSQL databases which will bring a lot many changes in terms of strategy, methodology along with operations. The employees may show resistance to adapt to the new system in the initial stages. There will be an extra share of costs that would be required to be spent towards training of the employees. Without providing the employees with the required amount of training, there will be confusion in their minds. It would therefore be necessary to spend on trainings. There may be chances wherein the specific skill sets required for the cloud databases and related operations may not be present in the organization. It will demand external hiring which will turn out to be an expensive procedure. The change in the database may be attacked with a lot many security risks and concerns which may become difficult to deal with (Hashizume, Rosado, Fernndez-Medina, Fernandez, 2013). Migration from the traditional systems to the new system will not take place in a few minutes. It will require a considerable amount of time which may be considered as a downtime for the system as there will be a lot of maintenance activities that will also be carried out. System availability may get impacted negatively due to these reasons. The processing speed associated with the data and data operations will improve and there will also be better streamlining of the information that will be observed. In spite of spending on the trainings of the employees, there will be a lot of cost saving that will be achieved with the medium of adaptation to the advanced databases. Cloud databases and NoSQL databases have a huge demand in the market. It would therefore be beneficial for the employees to acquire the skills associated with the same to enhance their worth in the market. The ability to carry out data related operations will become easy and convenient in case of Kentico which will provide the organization with a competitive edge above the rest of the organizations in the market. Time and effort that is currently involved in certain unnecessary activities will be available to be applied to rest of the important functions and activities to enhance the quality and availability of the system for better user experience Cloud databases along with NoSQL databases will bring in a lot many access points. These access points may be used by the attackers to gain unauthorized entry to the databases which may result in the security threat of information breaching (Amato, 2016). Many of the malware have been developed to attack the cloud databases which may be launched and triggered to cause damage to the information present in the database of Kentico (Jansen, 2016). The information will be exchanged frequently over the network which may bring in another threat in the form of information loss or information leakage. Networks will be actively involved with the inclusion of cloud databases which will lead to the emergence of the network security risks and attacks such as man in the middle attack, spoofing attacks, integrity attacks and many more (Pearson Benameur, 2016). Database availability will be desired by the end users and it will be mandatory for the execution of certain functions and operations. However, there may be attacks on the availability of the database which may bring down the levels of satisfaction of the end users (Kshetri, 2016) There are a lot many resources that are engaged with Kentico and these resources will be provided with the access to the database along with varied privilege on the same to perform data related operations. Some of the employees may take advantage of the privileges granted to them and may pass on the critical information to the malicious entities for their personal benefits. These attacks will come under the category of insider threats and will cause a lot of damage to the organization (Aws, 2016). Access and identity management are some of measures that are adapted to enhance the basic security of the system and any loopholes present in these measures will cause a lot of damage to the organization (Jing, 2014). It would be required to immediately create a training plan for the resources engaged with Kentico to allow the employees, management along with the heads of the departments to be clear on the features and functions of the new database that will be implemented. Security framework associated with the database and information sets will also be required to be modified with immediate actions taken on the security plan modification along with implementation of changes in the security strategy. It will be extremely necessary to ensure that the training plan and the security strategy that is created in the initial phase is implemented successfully and there are measures taken to bring improvements to the same by collecting the feedback from the users at regular intervals. Maintenance will be an ongoing process in the case of cloud databases along with that of the NoSQL databases. A detailed assessment of the level of improvements that will be necessary in terms of maintenance and support will be required to be done. The overall security infrastructure along with the security framework will also be required to be re-designed so that the latest measures can be adopted to enhance the basic as well as the advanced security of the database (Ryan, 2016). It would also be necessary to make sure that verification and validation activities are carried out in a frequent manner. Cloud Database and Associated Database Operations Expansion of cloud and NoSQL databases in the market has been rapid and there are a lot many organizations that are moving to these databases from the traditional ones. Cloud databases are the ones that make use of cloud computing for data storage along with the data management. NoSQL databases are the ones that do not involve the use of SQL queries and statements (Takabi, 2016). Due to the presence of traditional databases, there are a number of operational issues and errors that come which bring down the morale of the employees. With the involvement of cloud databases, these errors will be avoided which will not only enhance the levels of employee satisfaction but will also increase the level of productivity and efficiency. The volumes of information that an organization deals with is dynamic in nature which may show sudden rise and drops in a specified period of time. It is essential that the design of the database is done in such a manner that the database is flexible and scalable in nature. The recommended cloud and NoSQL databases will fulfill the need and the feature of scalability will be present in the same. Cloud databases and NoSQL databases have a huge demand in the market. It would therefore be beneficial for the employees to acquire the skills associated with the same to enhance their worth in the market. The ability to carry out data related operations will become easy and convenient in case of organizational implementation which will provide the organization with a competitive edge above the rest of the organizations in the market. Time and effort that is currently involved in certain unnecessary activities will be available to be applied to rest of the important functions and activities to enhance the quality and availability of the system for better user experience Data Warehousing and Data Mining over Cloud Business intelligence is an umbrella that comprises of numerous technologies and concepts within it. Two of the essential technologies that come under Business Intelligence are data mining and data warehousing. These technologies allow the user to carry out a detailed analysis of the data that is associated with the organization and to also manage the data easily and efficiently. Cloud databases also support the use and implementation of logical data warehouses which are also termed as Logical DW. There are several properties, attributes and parameters that are associated with the data sets stored in the database. Logical DW will provide a logical view of the entire information sets which will allow the administrators and data managers to carry out the tasks of monitoring and maintenance easily. Also, the analysis on the data will be easily carried out through the medium of these tools which will reveal a lot many trends and patterns associated with the data. There are several risks and attacks that are associated with the cloud and NoSQL databases in terms of the security of the data and information (Sen, 2016). Cloud databases along with NoSQL databases will bring in a lot many access points. These access points may be used by the attackers to gain unauthorized entry to the databases which may result in the security threat of information breaching. Many of the malware have been developed to attack the cloud databases which may be launched and triggered to cause damage to the information present in the database of an organization. The information will be exchanged frequently over the network which may bring in another threat in the form of information loss or information leakage. Networks will be actively involved with the inclusion of cloud databases which will lead to the emergence of the network security risks and attacks such as man in the middle attack, spoofing attacks, integrity attacks and many more (Bhabad, 2015). Database availability will be desired by the end users and it will be mandatory for the execution of certain functions and operations. However, there may be attacks on the availability of the database which may bring down the levels of satisfaction of the end users (Mahmoud, 2015). There are a lot many resources that are engaged with an organization and these resources will be provided with the access to the database along with varied privilege on the same to perform data related operations. Some of the employees may take advantage of the privileges granted to them and may pass on the critical information to the malicious entities for their personal benefits. These attacks will come under the category of insider threats and will cause a lot of damage to the organization. Access and identity management are some of measures that are adapted to enhance the basic security of the system and any loopholes present in these measures will cause a lot of damage to the organization (Sun, Zhang, Xiong, Zhu, 2014). Countermeasures to Data Security The security risks and threats that have been defined above can be controlled, prevented and detected with the application of a lot many security countermeasures (Lu, 2014). The primary step to security would be in the form of enhancement of the basic security of the database which will include the use of automated tools and equipment such as that of anti-malware packages along with anti-denial tools. It will also be necessary to install proxy servers and firewalls to control the access. The next step would include the enhancement of advanced security. The security strategy that shall be designed in this regard shall include the countermeasures in three categories as administrative, logical and physical controls. There shall be use of automated tools for evaluation and auditing purposes to make sure that any of the deviations are immediately tracked (Panetta, 2016). There shall also be application of logical and technical controls that shall be done on the database. These controls will include use of intrusion detection and prevention systems, implementation of encryption of information, authorized monitoring of the network and so on (Wood, 2016). Physical security is something that is usually not paid much attention; however, the case shall not be the same over here and physical security shall be enhanced across all the entry and exit points (Microsoft, 2016). Conclusion Data and information are the assets for any organization and it is extremely necessary to make sure that there is no damage caused to these assets and the operations that are executed around them are done in a smooth manner. The use of traditional databases in the organizations is creating a lot many problems in terms of handling, management and execution. It is therefore necessary to migrate to the cloud databases and NoSQL databases for efficient data management along with enhanced storage of the data. These databases will bring in a lot many benefits to the users in terms of processing speed, security framework, storage options, data backup and recovery measures and many more. Also, these are now being synced with the Business Intelligence and Big Data tools to enhance the quality and performance of the same. References Amato, N. (2016). The hidden costs of a data breach. Journal of Accountancy. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/news/2016/jul/hidden-costs-of-data-breach-201614870.html Aws. (2016). Overview of Security Processes. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://d0.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/aws-security-whitepaper.pdf Bhabad, M. (2015). Internet of Things: Architecture, Security Issues and Countermeasures. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.ijcaonline.org/research/volume125/number14/bhabad-2015-ijca-906251.pdf Hashizume, K., Rosado, D., Fernndez-Medina, E., Fernandez, E. (2013). An analysis of security issues for cloud computing. J Internet Serv Appl, 4(1), 5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1869-0238-4-5 Jansen, W. (2016). Cloud Hooks: Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/hicss/2011/4282/00/10-03-01.pdf Jing, Q. (2014). Security of the Internet of Things: perspectives and challenges. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://csi.dgist.ac.kr/uploads/Seminar/1407_IoT_SSH.pdf Kshetri, N. (2016). Privacy and security issues in cloud computing: The role of institutions and institutional evolution. Sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308596112000717 Lu, C. (2014). Overview of Security and Privacy Issues in the Internet of Things. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-14/ftp/security.pdf Mahmoud, R. (2015). Internet of things (IoT) security: Current status, challenges and prospective measures - IEEE Xplore Document. Ieeexplore.ieee.org. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7412116/ Microsoft. (2016). Core Infrastructure Optimization: IT Security Processes - Best Practices for Business IT. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.microsoft.com/india/infrastructure/capabilities/itprocesses.mspx Panetta, K. (2016). Gartner's Top 10 Security Predictions 2016 - Smarter With Gartner. Smarter With Gartner. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/top-10-security-predictions-2016/ Pearson, S. Benameur, A. (2016). Privacy, Security and Trust Issues Arising from Cloud Computing. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://barbie.uta.edu/~hdfeng/CloudComputing/cc/cc05.pdf Ryan, M. (2016). Cloud Computing Privacy Concerns on Our Doorstep. Cacm.acm.org. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2011/1/103200-cloud-computing-privacy-concerns-on-our-doorstep/fulltext Sen, J. (2016). Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1303/1303.4814.pdf Sun, Y., Zhang, J., Xiong, Y., Zhu, G. (2014). Data Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing. International Journal Of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2014, 1-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/190903 Takabi, H. (2016). Security and Privacy Challenges in Cloud Computing Environments. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://csis.pace.edu/~marchese/SE765/Paper/security2.pdf Wood, P. (2016). Social hacking: The easy way to breach network security. ComputerWeekly. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.computerweekly.com/tip/Social-hacking-The-easy-way-to-breach-network-security